PD-1/PD-L Pathway Potentially Involved in ITP Immunopathogenesis

Soluble Programmed Death 1 (PD-1) Is Decreased in Patients With Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP): Potential Involvement of PD-1 Pathway in ITP Immunopathogenesis.

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by dysregulation of T cells. Programmed death (PD) 1 and programmed death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) are cosignaling molecules, and the major role of the PD-1 pathway is the inhibition of self-reactive T cells and to protect against autoimmune diseases. We measured levels of serum soluble PD 1 (sPD-1) and serum soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) ...

Proatherogenic immune responses are regulated by the PD-1/PD-L pathway in mice.

T lymphocyte responses promote proatherogenic inflammatory events, which are influenced by costimulatory molecules of the B7 family. Effects of negative regulatory members of the B7 family on atherosclerosis have not been described. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2 are B7 family members expressed on several cell types, which inhibit T cell activation via binding to programmed death-1...

A Review of the Mechanisms Involved in the Immunopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2

Coronaviruses belong to the Coronaviridae family and three SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 pathogens are found in this family, all of which cause respiratory disorders in human beings. SARS-CoV-2 is a RNA virus of approximately 80-160 nm in size and genomic size of approximately 27-35 kb which causes COVID-19. Symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, dry cough, fatigue and muscle weakness, shortne...

Enhanced Expression of Genes Involved in the Biosynthesis Pathway of Tanshinones in Tetraploid Plants of Salvia Officinalis L.

Extended Abstract Introduction and Objective: Polyploidy is one of the main factors in plant adaptation that can increase secondary metabolites production in plants. Salvia officinalis L. is a perennial plant from the Lamiaceae family with a long history of use in the medicinal industry. Tanshinones are crucial active compounds biosynthesized in Salvia. This study was aimed to analyze the expr...

The Role of the Programmed Cell Death (pd-1) Pathway in the Immunopathogenesis of Chronic Hepatitis B Infection